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Latest News
Dr.Padela recently got published in the Chest. The manuscript uses a clinical case to work through Muslim controversies over brain death and withdrawing life support Here is the link
The recording for our Live Webinar on "Advancing equity for Muslim physicians in the healthcare workforce" and the policy report that stems from our research is available now at : click here
initiativemedicine

Muslim American Healthcare & Spiritual Needs [MAHSN]

Overview

With more discussions around culturally competent and patient centered care, it is imperative to discuss Muslim American patients and their needs. This group, representing a variety of backgrounds and ethnicities, come with a unique set of needs for their care brought by their faith. We are conducting a study to explore such needs of Muslim American patients in healthcare/hospital settings. This will allow us to identify gaps Muslims face and to make recommendations for how to resolve them.

Significance

Through this study, we are hoping to (1) identify the gaps Muslim Americans face in our healthcare system, (2) explore how demographic and religious factors modify Muslim Americans’ healthcare experiences, and (3) create policy-based recommendations for hospitals to better tailor their care for this patient population. This data will be able to inform hospitals and medical policymakers on how Muslim patient care can be improved and made more equitable.

This IRB-approved study will be surveying Muslim patients across the country and surveys will be distributed in 4 phases. During the first phase of survey distribution, regional survey distribution teams will identify health clinics that cater to large Muslim patient populations. In the second phase, regional survey distribution teams will identify and engage with mosques in their region. The third phase will aim to identify and survey Muslims at large national conferences/gatherings, such as those held by ICNA-MAS and ISNA. The fourth and final phase will encompass distributing the survey via Islam & Medicine social media accounts, Muslim national organization listservs, community WhatsApp groups.

Through these four phases, we hope to gain a robust database to determine ways in which the Healthcare system is failing to serve Muslim patients across the country. This data will then be used to inform hospitals and medical policymakers regarding means by which Muslim patient care can be improved and made more equitable.

Project Significance

Through this study, we are hoping to
1

Identify the gaps Muslim Americans face in our healthcare system,

2

Explore how demographic and religious factors modify Muslim Americans’ healthcare experiences, and

3

Create policy-based recommendations for hospitals to better tailor their care for this patient population. This data will be able to inform hospitals and medical policymakers on how Muslim patient care can be improved and made more equitable.

Methodology

This IRB-approved study was conducted between 2020 – 2021. It included a 74-item survey asking participants about their experiences during hospital stays, religiosity, coping, discrimination, and demographic factors.

Pre-COVID, our model of recruitment was based on a 4 step process of recruitment: (1) clinics, (2) mosques, (3) conferences, and (4) social media. We created regional project teams across the country, meeting monthly to discuss strategies on how to recruit participants. Once everything became virtual, we decided to shift our gears and put all of our focus on social media. In addition to the regional project teams, we created a National Steering Committee, a group of national Muslim health organizations to help with recruitment and ideas for data analysis. This committee includes the Association of Muslim Chaplains (AMC), Khalil Center, IMAN Network, Stanford Muslim Mental Health Lab (SMMHL), and the Islamic Medical Association of North America (IMANA)

We worked to create social media campaigns for recruitment and raise funds through Launchgood to fund our data analysis. Once recruitment was completed, members of the regional project teams and representatives from the National Steering Committee all joined groups to work on different papers: Muslim Patient Needs, Religious Coping, Chaplaincy, and Discrimination. We are also working on a policy report.

  • Our study is founded upon community participation and you can help by participating in the study! If you are Muslim and at least 18 years old, you can take part in the study and fill out the survey by clicking here or scanning the adjacent QR code!
  • Pre-COVID, our model of recruitment was based on a 4 step process of recruitment: (1) clinics, (2) mosques, (3) Conferences, and (4) social media. We created regional project teams across the country, meeting monthly to discuss strategies on how to recruit participants. Once everything became virtual, we decided to shift our gears and put all of our focus on social media. In addition to the regional project teams, we created a National Steering Committee, a group of national Muslim health organizations to help with recruitment and ideas for data analysis. This committee includes the Association of Muslim Chaplains (AMC), Khalil Center, IMAN Network, Stanford Muslim Mental Health Lab (SMMHL), and the Islamic Medical Association of North America (IMANA)
  • We worked to create social media campaigns for recruitment and raise funds through Launchgood to fund our data analysis. Once recruitment was completed, members of the regional project teams and representatives from the National Steering Committee all joined groups to work on different papers: Muslim Patient Needs, Religious Coping, Chaplaincy, and Discrimination. We are also working on a policy report.

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    Results

    We have currently completed the data collection phase and are in the process of data analysis. Results and presentations are pending.

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    Muslim American Healthcare
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    Partner Organizations

    Funding

    This project is Funded by II&M

    Project Overview

    With more discussions around culturally competent and patient centered care, it is imperative to discuss Muslim American patients and their needs. This group, representing a variety of backgrounds and ethnicities, come with a unique set of needs for their care brought by their faith. We are conducting a study to explore such needs of Muslim American patients in healthcare/hospital settings. This will allow us to identify gaps Muslims face and to make recommendations for how to resolve them.
    This IRB-approved study will be surveying Muslim patients across the country and surveys will be distributed in 4 phases. During the first phase of survey distribution, regional survey distribution teams will identify health clinics that cater to large Muslim patient populations. In the second phase, regional survey distribution teams will identify and engage with mosques in their region. The third phase will aim to identify and survey Muslims at large national conferences/gatherings, such as those held by ICNA-MAS and ISNA. The fourth and final phase will encompass distributing the survey via Islam & Medicine social media accounts, Muslim national organization listservs, community WhatsApp groups.
    Through these four phases, we hope to gain a robust database to determine ways in which the Healthcare system is failing to serve Muslim patients across the country. This data will then be used to inform hospitals and medical policymakers regarding means by which Muslim patient care can be improved and made more equitable.

    Project Significance

    Through this study, we are hoping to
    • Identify the gaps Muslim Americans face in our healthcare system,
    • Explore how demographic and religious factors modify Muslim Americans’ healthcare experiences, and
    • Create policy-based recommendations for hospitals to better tailor their care for this patient population. This data will be able to inform hospitals and medical policymakers on how Muslim patient care can be improved and made more equitable.

    Partner Organizations

    Results

    We have currently completed the data collection phase and are in the process of data analysis. Results and presentations are pending.

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    Mufti Nazim Khutbah

    Padela Khutbah

    Shkifah Khutbah

    Intervention Study

    Qualitative Study and Interviews

    Fifty Muslim multiethnicity women (40 years old and above) were interviewed (6 focused group) and 19 in individual interviews. We found religious beliefs did informed mammography intention, which includes (1) the perceived religious duty to care for one’s health, (2) religious practices as methods of disease prevention, (3) fatalistic notions about health, and (4) comfort with gender concordant health care.

    Quantitative Study and survey

    240, 40 years of age or older, were surveyed (72 respondents were Arab, 71 South Asian, 59 African American, and 38 from another ethnicity). We found that positive religious coping and perceived religious discrimination in health settings significantly (negatively) affected mammogram adherence among Muslim women in Chicago.

    American Cancer Society mammogram recommendations

    Mammogram recommendation for women at average risk or breast cancer

    • Women between 40 and 44 have a choice to have a mammography every year.
    • Women 45 to 54 should get mammograms every year.
    • Women 55 and older can switch to a mammogram every other year, or they can choose to continue yearly mammograms.

    3R model

    Reframing “switch train tracks”
    • Keep the barriers belief intact but change the way one thinks about it so it is consonant with the desired health behavior
    • Normalizes the barrier belief
    Reprioritize: “show them a better train”
    • Introduce a new belief and create higher valence for it than the barrier belief
    • Normalization of the barrier belief is optional
    Reform: “breakdown the train carriage”
    • Negate the barrier belief by demonstrating its faults by appealing to authority structures

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